J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Jul ;106 (7):1055-63 16815122 (P,S,E,B) Diet quality among Yup'ik Eskimos living in rural communities is low: the Center for Alaska Native Health Research Pilot Study. [My paper] Andrea Bersamin, Bret R Luick, Elizabeth Ruppert, Judith S Stern, Sheri Zidenberg-Cherr Department of Nutrition, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this pilot study were to describe the nutrient intake of Yup'ik Eskimos in comparison with national intake, identify dietary sources of key nutrients, and assess the utility of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to measure diet quality of Yup'ik Eskimos living in rural Alaskan Native communities. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: A single 24-hour recall was collected from 48 male and 44 female Yup'ik Eskimos (aged 14 to 81 years), who resided in three villages in the Yukon Kuskokwim River Delta, AK, during September 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HEI scores, nutrient intake, and traditional food intake. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Spearman correlations for associations between variables. RESULTS: Youth scored higher than elders despite similar nutrient intakes. Overall diet quality was generally low; 63% of all participants' diets were classified as poor. Although the HEI serves to identify areas of concern with respect to diet quality, it is limited in its ability to detect the positive value of traditional foods. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional foods and healthful market foods, including rich sources of fiber and calcium, should be encouraged. Although traditional foods were important sources of energy and nutrients, market foods composed the preponderance of the diet, emphasizing the importance of appropriately modifying a diet quality index based on a Western framework, such as the HEI. Mesh-terms: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alaska; Calcium, Dietary :: administration & dosage; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet :: standards; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fiber :: administration & dosage; Energy Intake; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Inuits :: statistics & numerical data; Male; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition Policy; Nutritive Value; Pilot Projects; Rural Population :: statistics & numerical data; Statistics, Nonparametric;

Aleitamento materno e cárie do lactente e do pré-escolar: uma revisão crítica Nilza M. E. RibeiroI; Manoel A. S. RibeiroII IEspecialista em Odontopediatria pela SOBRACID IIPediatra neonatologista, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Pós-graduado em Gestão em Saúde pela PUCRS Endereço para correspondência RESUMO OBJETIVO: Buscar evidências científicas que comprovem ou refutem a afirmação de que o aleitamento materno noturno e em livre demanda está associado com cárie do lactente e do pré-escolar. FONTES DOS DADOS: Foi realizada busca de artigos científicos utilizando-se as bases de dados MEDLINE, Lilacs e SciELO, páginas de internet relevantes, livros técnicos e publicações de consenso de organismos nacionais e internacionais. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: early childhood caries, dental caries, dental decay e breastfeeding. Percebida a relevância, também se buscou diretamente as referências indicadas nos artigos encontrados. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Os estudos que relacionam a cárie com o aleitamento materno invariavelmente só observam os fatores inter-relacionados com o surgimento dessa doença, deixando de lado aqueles associados à amamentação. Muitos desses fatores atuam como variáveis de confusão porque, do mesmo modo que interferem no aleitamento materno, também têm influência no surgimento da cárie. Além disso, estudos atuais têm demonstrado a cariogenicidade de vários alimentos dados às crianças e a não-cariogenicidade do leite materno. CONCLUSÕES: Não há evidências científicas que comprovem que o leite materno possa estar associado com o surgimento de cárie, sendo essa relação complexa e confundida por muitas variáveis. Palavras-chave: Cárie do lactente e do pré-escolar, cárie precoce na infância, cárie de estabelecimento precoce, aleitamento materno, fatores de risco.

"5-23-07 by Greg Lincoln In this television commercial, a teenaged girl is riding an ATV while drinking and kills an innocent person walking along a trail. She is then ostracized by her peers. This video production is a commercial about underage drinking. The campaign is called “Our Reality - Underage Drinking Campaign” and is sponsored by the Communities In Schools of Alaska and the Lower Kuskokwim School District. The Communities In Schools is a community-based organization helping kids stay in school and prepare for life. Filming was done at the Bethel Regional High School hallways and classrooms and behind the YKHC Admin building and was completed in one day. Kerri Fox, local Coordinator for Communities In Schools of Alaska, assisted Bethel Alternative Boarding School students and long distance educator, Christina Hum, with the background knowledge and storyboarding necessary for them to create this commercial. BABS was given the opportunity when another school had to back out and a spot opened up. Videographer Larry Bottjen of Palmer did the filming. The commercial is 30 seconds long and will be shown on MTV, on all Alaska channels, and other channels, said Fox. However, it is unknown when the piece will be aired. The actors and actresses include Sephora Berlin, Reid Jennings (who is also the narrator), Mariann David, Yvonne Jackson, Kyle Jimmie, Michael Rapoza, and Natasha Alexie, Christopher Olrun, and Stephanie Watson. The younger stars who participated in one of the alternate endings of the commercial are Zachary Guest and Marissa Crow, an M.E. 1st grader. “The kids are really excited about it,” said Fox. “They worked for four weeks on this and were able to complete a lot of reading and writing standards.” Piurci!" http://www.deltadiscovery.com/soapbox/soapbox.html

Context With routine childhood vaccination using heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, one concern has been the potential for emergence and expansion of replacement disease caused by serotypes not contained in the heptavalent conjugate vaccine. Objective To determine whether replacement disease is associated with the overall decline in invasive pneumococcal disease among Alaska Native children. Design, Setting, and Patients Alaska statewide longitudinal population-based laboratory surveillance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2006. Main Outcome Measures Incidence and types of pneumococcal disease in children younger than 2 years. Results In the first 3 years after introduction of routine vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, overall invasive pneumococcal disease decreased 67% in Alaska Native children younger than 2 years (from 403.2 per 100 000 in 1995-2000 to 134.3 per 100 000 per year in 2001-2003, P<.001). However, between 2001-2003 and 2004-2006, there was an 82% increase in invasive disease in Alaska Native children younger than 2 years to 244.6/100 000 (P = .02). Since 2004, the invasive pneumococcal disease rate caused by nonvaccine serotypes has increased 140% compared with the prevaccine period (from 95.1 per 100 000 in 1995-2000 to 228.6 in 2004-2006, P = .001). During the same period, there was a 96% decrease in heptavalent vaccine serotype disease. Serotype 19A accounted for 28.3% of invasive pneumococcal disease among Alaska children younger than 2 years during 2004-2006. There was no significant increase in nonvaccine disease in non–Native Alaska children younger than 2 years. Conclusions Alaska Native children are experiencing replacement invasive pneumococcal disease with serotypes not covered by heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The demonstration of replacement invasive pneumococcal disease emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance and development of expanded valency vaccines. Author Affiliations: Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Preparedness Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Drs Singleton, Hennessy, Hammitt, Rudolph, and Parkinson and Mss Bulkow, Zulz, and Hurlburt), Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (Drs Singleton and Hammitt), and Alaska Division of Public Health (Dr Butler), Anchorage, Alaska.

Among industrialized nations, the rate of rehospitalization in the United States for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is approximately 30 per 1000, exceptions being noted for American Indians and Alaskan natives, two ethnic groups who tend toward higher rates of RSV hospitalization. In distinction Japan reports an admission rate of 60 per 1000 for RSV disease. Yet Japan ranks considerably lower than many of its western counterparts in premature births. Whether an RSV subtype, a new viral genotype or some other unifying characteristic exists that might explain the severity of adenovirus, parainfluenza and RSV infections in this region of Asia remains to be determined. Outcomes trials in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark and Japan all identified crowding and exposure to tobacco smoke as significant and independent risk factors for disease severity of RSV. The epidemiology of RSV is largely consistent throughout Europe, with peak outbreaks occurring in December and January. In Europe RSV accounts for 42 to 45% of hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 2 years of age, and inpatient populations tend to be younger and to experience greater disease severity. For RSV bronchiolitis lengths of stay in European hospitals range from a low of 4 days to a high of 10 days.The Infeccion Respiratoria Infantil por Virus Respiratorio Sincitial Study Group in Spain conducted 2 prospective observational studies in 14 and 26 neonatal units, respectively, on nonprophylaxed neonates to determine hospitalization rates for respiratory syncytial viral illness during 2 consecutive RSV seasons. Throughout each respiratory season the study group followed premature infants of < or =32 weeks gestational age at birth, representing an annual birth cohort of approximately 100 000 infants. A total of 584 infants who were < or =32 weeks gestational age in the first season and 999 in the second season were followed at monthly intervals. The nonprophylaxed hospitalized group was compared with the nonprophylaxed, nonhospitalized group, and presumptive risk factors were determined for rehospitalization among premature infants. These independent variables, similar for both years, were identified as low gestational age, underlying chronic lung disease, living with school age siblings, exposure to tobacco smoke and a chronologic age of < 3 months at the onset of the RSV season.Stable, yet high rates of admission for RSV illness in Spain were observed in this premature group of < or =32 weeks gestational age: 13.4% for 1999; and 13.1% for the year 2000. Of those hospitalized during the 2 years of the study, 18 and 25%, respectively, were admitted to the intensive care unit. With the exception of higher rates of family allergy, multiple deliveries and a lower rate of neonatal morbidity, prognostic variables for high risk of hospital admission in the year 2000 compared with those of the 1999 sample. Findings from this comprehensive, prospective study served as the basis for the development of standards for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection by the Spanish Society of Neonatology.

Abstract Among measles unvaccinated infants in Guinea-Bissau, we tested whether case infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI), especially ALRI caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), were more likely to be Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG)-unvaccinated and to have no scar after BCG vaccination than were control infants without symptoms of ALRI. Three hundred and eighty-six case infants with ALRI were identified at a paediatric clinic (N = 84), a health centre (N = 82), and in a community morbidity surveillance system (N = 220). Control infants were matched on sex, age, and district and were also measles unvaccinated. In ALRI case infants, the adjusted OR of being BCG unvaccinated was 2.87 (1.31–6.32), 1.72 (0.48–6.19) in boys and 4.45 (1.48–13.4) in girls. Among BCG vaccinated ALRI case infants, the adjusted OR of having no BCG scar was 1.54 (0.86–2.75), 0.93 (0.45–1.91) in boys and 2.70 (1.21–6.02) in girls. In ALRI case infants with RSV infection, similar trends were observed. BCG vaccination may have a non-targeted protective effect against ALRI, the effect being most marked in girls. Keywords: Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI); Bacille Calmette Guérin vaccine (BCG); Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Distribution of the blood groups, M-N and RH types among Eskimos of the Kuskokwim Basin in Western Alaska G. Albin Matson, Helen J. Roberts Department of Bacteriology, College of Medicine, University of Utah, and Latter-day Saints Hospital Blood Bank, Salt Lake City This work was aided by a grant from the Research Fund, University of Utah, and by the Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart, Indiana. Abstract No Abstract.

review of bird influenza research