This round clock measures 14" in diameter. It features real (but smaller scale) pool balls for the numbers. It is well constructed from solid oak. This clock has a quartz movement to ensure accurate timekeeping

This clock measures 13" in diameter. Octagonal in shape, it features real (but smaller scale) pool balls for the numbers. It is well constructed from solid oak. This clock has a quartz movement to ensure accurate timekeeping.

Does the price of toner make you want to cringe? Purchasing compatible toner can help keep your budget down. It is amazing that toner which costs so much less can still print without any streaks or smudges. By recycling toner cartridges not as much plastic is put into landfills, therefore aiding the planet greatly. Many individuals turn to the web to locate compatible Phaser 8400 Solid Ink for their business or home. If you still require more information do some research on the web to look up even more pro’s and con’s of compatible toner.

Abstract: The phase diagrams of the following imidazolium ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate [EMIM][TOS] + hexane or cycloheptane and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate [EMIM][EtSO4] + hexane or benzene, have been measured. The (solid + liquid) (SLE) and (liquid + liquid) (LLE) phase equilibria of binary mixtures containing hexyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium bromide (C6Br) + hexane or benzene or an alcohol (ethanol or dodecan-1-ol) and the salt with a different anion hexyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (C6BF4) + hexane or benzene or dodecan-1-ol have been measured. The effect of anion type (Br- vs BF4-) on the thermophysical properties of the IL and on the phase behavior is dependent on the strength of the cation-anion interaction in the investigated ILs and is noticeable. The phase diagrams for some novel ammonium ionic liquids, (2-decanoyloxyethyl)dimethylpentyloxymethylammonium trifluoro-acetate [C10OOEtC5OMMMN][CF3COO] or (2-methyloyoxyethyl)dimethylpentyloxyammonium acesulfamate [MOOEtC5OMMMN][Ace] or (2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylundecyloxymethylammonium dicyanamide [C11OMEtOHMMN][(CN)2N], with octan-1-ol are reported. The solvents were chosen as representatives of alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alcohols. The interaction between the most commonly studied ionic liquids and those chosen in this work with typical organic solvents was described. The solubilities were measured by a dynamic method from 250 K to the melting point of the ionic liquid or to the boiling point of water in the bath. The immiscibility of the liquid phase in [EMIM][TOS] + cycloheptane was observed. The observed upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in binary mixtures of [EMIM][TOS] + cycloheptane and [EMIM][EtSO4] + hexane or benzene was limited by the boiling temperature of the solvent. The difference between the solubilities of the three ammonium ionic liquids, [C10OOEtC5OMMMN][CF3COO] or [MOOEtC5OMMMN][Ace] or [C11OMEtOHMMN][(CN)2N], in octan-1-ol is significant: a simple eutectic system was observed for [C10OOEtC5OMMMN][CF3COO]; LLE was observed for [MOOEtC5OMMMN][Ace]; and an eutectic system with immiscibility in the liquid phase was observed for [C11OMEtOHMMN][(CN)2N]. For the system [C11OMEtOHMMN][(CN)2N] + octan-1-ol, the upper critical solution temperature was determined to be 312.9 K. Characterization and purity of the compounds were obtained by water content (Fisher method) and differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC) analysis. From DSC, melting points, enthalpies of fusion, temperatures, and enthalpies of the solid-solid phase transitions and the temperatures of glass transition of all the investigated ionic liquids were measured.

Plastification or irradiation may lead to an increased amount of vacancies in the matrix. Due to the supersaturation of vacancies, they may flow towards voids and lead to void growth. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is employed to describe the kinetics of the void growth process. \copyright 2007 Acta Materialia Inc.

Abstract: Thermodynamic methods based on COSMO (COnductor-like Screening MOdels), such as COSMO-RS (Real Solvent) and COSMO-SAC (Segment Activity Coefficient), represent significant and recent developments of solvation thermodynamics and computational quantum mechanics. These are a priori prediction methods based on molecular structures and a few parameters that are fixed for all of the compounds. They require no experimental data and rely on sigma profiles specific to each molecule as their only input. A sigma profile is the probability distribution of a molecular surface segment having a specific charge density. Generating sigma profiles by quantum mechanical calculations represents the most time-consuming and computationally expensive aspect of using COSMO-based methods. This article presents a free, web-based VT-2006 Solute Sigma Profile Database for large, pharmaceutical-related solutes, to supplement the published VT-2005 Sigma Profile Database for solvents and small molecules (www.design.che.vt.edu). Together, these databases contain sigma profiles for 1645 unique compounds, enabling the users to predict binary and multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) and solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE), as well as other thermodynamic properties. We validate the VT-2006 Solute Sigma Profile Database by solid solubility predictions in pure solvents for 2434 literature solubility values, which include 194 solutes, 160 solvents, and 1356 solute-solvent pairs. We also compare solubility predictions for mixed solvents to literature values for 39 systems. By comparison with experimental data, we find a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.7419 between experimental and predicted solute mole fractions (xsol) on a log10 (xsol) scale for solubilities in pure solvents. This article also presents examples investigating the effects of conformational isomerism on solubility predictions of small, medium-sized, and large drug molecules. To provide better understanding of accuracy, we compare a priori COSMO-SAC solubility predictions, which use molecule-specific sigma profiles, to those by the non-random two-liquid segment activity coefficient (NRTL-SAC) model, which uses regressed molecule-specific parameters, for 17 solutes and 258 experimental solubility values. We find that NRTL-SAC, which contains regressed parameters based on experimental data, is a more accurate method for predicting SLE behavior than the COSMO-SAC model for many of the systems studied. Finally, this article presents a set of guidelines for applying the COSMO-SAC model for solubility predictions for new drug molecules when no experimental data are available.

Experimental data on solid-liquid equilibrium for three cuts in the ternary system acetic acid-propanoic acid-formamide are presented. In the system two adductive compounds exist: 2:1 adduct (CH3COOH)2·HCONH2 and 1:2 adduct CH3CH2COOH·(HCONH2)2. Liquidus for acetic acid-propanoic acid mole ratios 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 is given and confronted with liquidus calculated on the basis of binary systems behavior. \copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.