Presumed consent is in no way a cure-all for the mismatch between the supply and demand for donor kidneys; however, introducing such a system in the US, the UK and other countries where it is feasible would reduce the numbers of people who die from kidney failure while others are buried or cremated with healthy kidneys that they would have happily donated.

It is that branch of internal medical science that deals with the study of function and diseases of kidney.

Liver allografts have been known for some time to protect against organ rejection when simultaneously transplanted with other allografts. Rana et al. have now shown that heart and kidney allografts are also immunoprotective and are themselves protected from rejection when transplanted simultaneously with another organ.

available time. Conversely, I also believe that if we limit the amount of time we spend at work, we can squeeze any number of jobs into that time. A commitment to leaving the clinic at a certain time ensures that we keep working efficiently in the time available, before we leave for our 'other job.'

Cardiac rehabilitation has been shown to improve survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients on dialysis. Huang et al. examined the cost-effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation in this subgroup of patients.

Ablation of SRMs is a viable strategy based on short-term oncologic outcomes. Although extended oncologic efficacy remains to be established for ablation modalities, the current data suggest that cryoablation results in fewer retreatments and improved local tumor control, and it may be associated with a lower risk of metastatic progression compared with RFA.

Transplant clinicians should be aware that willingness to accept possible health risks to potential kidney donors varies considerably between themselves, potential donors and potential recipients.