One of the recent data networking trends is called convergence. Convergence means that different signals such as voice, video, and data are transmitted over a single medium. On the consumer level, Web TV is an example of convergence; that are provided across a single cable. Many companies are migrating their voice long-distance traffic across their data networks

"This technology means that there is now much less excuse for allowing spatial data to fall by the wayside simply because they are not relevant to the data collectors' project in hand. Not only are the data easily collected, they are easily stored too. GenBank, for example, introduced fields for latitude and longitude in the metadata attached to its nucleotide sequence records in 2005. But few yet contain such information. Gene sequence and structure databases have flourished in part because journals require authors to submit published data to them. It is worth considering a similar requirement that all samples in a published study be registered, along with GPS coordinates, in online databases such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. At the same time, it would behove spatial scientists to articulate to the broader research community the potential of recording and making accessible spatial data in the appropriate formats — and the painlessness of the process."

"The MIGS specification enables description of the complete range of possible genomes (eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea, plasmids, viruses, organelles) and metagenomes. Core descriptors include information about the origins of the nucleic acid sequence (genome), its environment (latitude and longitude, date and time of sampling and habitat) and sequence processing (sequencing and assembly methods). MIGS-compliant reports can be rendered into an electronic format using the MIGS XML schema and controlled vocabularies through the GSC's Genome Catalogue"

The 104 nucleotides long 3? terminal region of TMV RNA was shown previously to contain two pseudoknotted structures (Rietveld et al. (1984), EMBO J. 3, 2613-2619). We here present evidence for the occurrence, within the 204 nucleotides long 3? noncoding region, of another highly structured domain located immediately adjacent to the tRNA-like structure of 95 nucleotides (Joshi et al. (1985) Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 347-354). A model for the three-dimensional folding of this region, containing three more pseudoknots, is proposed on the basis of chemical modification and enzymatic digestion. The existence of these three consecutive pseudoknots was supported by sequence comparisons with the RNA from the related tobamoviruses TMV-L, CcTMV and CGMMV. Coaxial stacking of the six double helical segments involved gives rise to the formation of a 25 basepair long quasi-continuous double helix. The results show that the three-dimensional folding of the 3? non-translated region of tobamoviral RNAs 1s largely maintained by the formation of five pseudoknots. The organisation of this region in the RNA of the tobamovirus CcTMV suggests that recombinational events among aminoacylatable plant viral RNAs have to be considered. 10.1093/nar/13.21.7673

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