How proanthocyanidins in cranberry juice prevent urinary tract infection by raising the thermodynamic energy level required for the fimbriae of E coli to attach to bladder endothelium

During the analysis, it was found that these compounds prevented the E. coli from sticking on to the cells in the body, which otherwise would have been the first step in catching infections. The chemical change, which the cranberry juice brings about, forms an energy barrier, which prevents the bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract lining.