Cooperation and discord in world politics are explained to a considerable extent by the three factors discussed in the Introduction: mutuality of interest, the shadow of the future, and the number of players. Yet the context of interaction, perceptions, and strategies is also important. Issues are linked to one another through multilevel games, which may be compatible or incompatible. Whether reciprocity constitutes an effective strategy depends both on linkages among issues and on the institutions within which negotiations take place. Perceptions are always significant and often decisive. Decision makers often actively seek to change the contexts within which they act by linking issues, trying to alter others? perceptions, establishing institutions, and promoting new norms. This finding suggests the importance of linking the upward-looking theory of strategy with the downward-looking theory of regimes.

...social diversity appears to promote the emergence of cooperation even in the absence of mechanisms based on punishment/coercion or individual reputation. Interestingly, in the absence of social diversity, cooperation is also absent.

If you're new here, you may want to subscribe to my RSS feed. Thanks for visiting! Vol. 8-Conquete De L’espace-Cooperation Russe The peace flag is especially popular in Italy and the CooperativesCo-op flag symbolizes international co-operation...

We document the widespread existence of antisocial punishment, that is, the sanctioning of people who behave prosocially. Our evidence comes from public goods experiments that we conducted in 16 comparable participant pools around the world.

Review of the research on punishment and collaboration by Herrmann et al. on p. 1326 of this issue.