how to make rCAP-1

in vitro studies of the crystallization of calcium carbonate in the presence of soluble polyanionic proteins extracted from abalone shell. We find that these proteins alone are sufficient to control the crystal phase, allowing us to switch abruptly and sequentially between aragonite and calcite without the need for deposition of an intervening protein sheet. These results show that soluble organic components can exert greater control over hierarchical biomineral growth than hitherto suspected, offering the prospect of similar phase control in materials chemistry

we demonstrate that a highly organized composite material—a 'flat pearl'—can be biofabricated on disks of glass, mica and MoS2 inserted between the mantle and shell of Haliotis rufescens (red abalone) the presence of an inorganic surface between the mantle and shell of the organism triggers a change in the nature of the mineral phase deposited

The thin films grown on cellulose and chitin consist of only calcite, while those grown on chitosan mainly consist of vaterite. The polymorphs of the thin films developed on chitosan are dependent on the concentrations of poly(acrylic acid) in the solution. Poly(acrylic acid) with a higher molecular weight leads to the deposition of thin-film crystals consisting of less stable polymorphs on these polymer matrixes.

these self-organized CaCO3 films with regular surface-relief structures are formed on the thin matrix of cholesterol modified pullulan from an aqueous solution containing poly(acrylic acid)

CaCO3, chitosan matrix, polyaspartate, thin-film crystals of CaCO3 are formed spontaneously aragonite, displaying radial orientation of the c axes vaterite, exhibiting different orientations. 10-20 nm in size

in vitro synthesis of uniaxially oriented calcium carbonate nanocrystals, CAP-1 as crystal growth inhibitor, chitin matrix