There is limited evidence to support the use of bypass surgery over angioplasty in patients with chronic lower limb ischemia

In advanced breast cancer with bone metastases, bisphosphonates delayes skeletal events, reduces risk of skeletal events, improves pain and QOL.

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are effective therapy for inducing remission in active Crohn's disease. The odds ratio of response increases after > 17 weeks of therapy, suggesting that there is a minimum length of time for a trial of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine therapy. Adverse events were more common among patients on therapy.

Azathioprine is effective in maintaining remission. There is evidence for a steroid sparing effect.

Azathioprine may be an effective maintenance treatment for patients who have failed or cannot tolerate mesalazine or sulfasalazine and for patients who require repeated courses of steroids.

Vitamin K antagonists may benefit infrainguinal venous grafts, while antiplatelet agents may benefit infrainguinal prosthetic grafts. Evidence is not conclusive

Heparin, LMWH and oral anticoagulants are not indicated in intermittent claudication.

Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces postoperative infection rates.

Teichoplanin is the best, but is expensive and availability is limited.

Prophylactic antibiotics (chiefly beta lactam) in pancreatic necrosis reduced mortality but not rates of infection in the necrotic tissue.